Spanish Alphabet: Quick Guide for Beginners (Pronunciation Included)

Want to learn the Spanish alphabet?

Well, here’s the guide that will help you nail down all the letters.

First, read through to get an understanding of how the letters and pronunciation work.

I’ll also give you a printable PDF worksheet to practice with. Cool? Cool.

• Part 1: Introduction to the Spanish Alphabet
• Part 2: Spanish Alphabet Chart
• Part 3: Similarities with the English Alphabet
• Part 4: How is it different from English?
• Conclusion — Back to You (+Free PDF Worksheet)

Part 1: Introduction to the Spanish Alphabet

Spanish is one of the most spoken languages in the world. If you’re looking to learn it, you’ll want to start with the alphabet. So, here are some quick things to know.

• The Spanish alphabet has 27 letters
• Same 26 letters as in the English alphabet… plus an extra consonant: “ñ”
• 22 consonants
• 5 vowels

In Spanish, words are pronounced the way they are spelled. So it’s important that you learn how each letter (or combination of letters) is pronounced first.

Once you master the sounds, you will be able to pronounce almost any word.

Now that you know a bit about the alphabet, you now need a chart.

Part 2: Spanish Alphabet Chart

Spanish Letter	English Pronunciation	English Equivalent
A	ah	A in father
B	beh	B in boy
C	seh	C in camp (if it’s before an a, o, or u) S in sun (if it’s before an e or i)
D	deh	D in day
E	eh	E in pet
F	eh-feh	F in fog
G	hay	G in garden (if it’s before an a, o, or u) H in hello (if it’s before an e or i)
H	ah-chay	Always silent
I	eeh	Ee in fleet
J	ho-tah	H in hello
K	kah	K in kilo
L	eh-lay	L in lamb
M	eh-may	M in mother
N	eh-nay	N in news
Ñ	eh-nyay	Ny in canyon
O	oh	O in hot
P	peh	P in paint
Q	coo	C in cool
R	eh-ray	Tt in better
S	eh-say	S in sun
T	teh	T in tomato
U	ooh	U in rule
V	ooh-veh	V in Victor
W	do-blay ooh-veh	W in water
X	eh-kees	X in X-ray
Y	yay	Y in yes
Z	Seh-tah	S in sun

One of the main differences between Castilian and Latin American Spanish is the pronunciation of: 

• the letter “z” 
• the letter “c” when it is in front of an “e” or “i”

In Latin American Spanish they are both pronounced like a regular “s.” However, in Castilian Spanish, the sound is similar to the “th” in “thunder.”  

Part 3: Similarities with the English Alphabet

The Spanish alphabet is extremely similar to the English alphabet.

It only has one additional consonant: ñ.

This means that reading and writing in Spanish will not be much of a challenge. In addition, despite the fact that they are not close relatives, English and Spanish share a number of cognates. Cognates are which are words that look or sound similar in both languages.

So that means there are many Spanish words that you already know! 

Here a few examples of cognates in Spanish and English:

Spanish word	English word
honor	honor
radio	radio
animal	animal
aventura	adventure
continente	continent

Part 4: How is it different from English?

Here’s a quick run down of how the Spanish Alphabet and the sounds are different from English.

1. The Letter “ñ”
2. Double Letter Combinations & Their Pronunciations
3. The Single R Pronunciation
4. Combinations with a silent “U”
5. The Letter H
6. Spanish Vowel Pronunciation
7. Vowels with Accent Marks (á, é, í, ó, ú)

1) The  Letter “ñ”

As mentioned before, the Spanish alphabet has one additional consonant that you need to look out for…

• The letter “ñ” (pronounced “eh-nyay”)

The sound is similar to the “ny” in canyon. Although it may sound a little bit strange at first, it is not hard to pronounce. 

These are some examples: 

• niño (neeh-nyoh) = boy
• mañana (mah-nyah-nah) = tomorrow

2) Double Letter Combinations & Their Pronunciations

In addition, there are certain combinations of letters that you also need to look out for:

Spanish Combination	English Equivalent
ch	Ch in cheese
ll	Y in yes
rr	Trilled r

For many years, “ch” and “ll” were considered distinct letters. The Spanish alphabet therefore consisted of 29 letters. Many old dictionaries have a separate section for words beginning with “ch” and words beginning with “ll.” It was until 2010 that these combinations were excluded from the alphabet and now we only have 27 letters. The pronunciation of “ch” and “ll” is not hard for English speakers.

However, the pronunciation of “rr” is a different story. This is undoubtedly the hardest sound for an English speaker to produce. It is called the “strong R” or “double R” and there is no English equivalent. It is basically produced by trilling the tip of your tongue against the alveolar ridge. This is on the roof of your mouth, behind your front teeth. Anyone can learn how to roll the “R.” However, it does take practice. 

3) The Single R Pronunciation

There is also a “soft R” or “single R” in Spanish. Producing this sound is not much of a challenge. It is similar to the “tt” in “little,” “better,” or “butter.”

In some cases, the “single R” is pronounced like a “double R.” Let’s look at some examples: 

• If it is at the beginning of a word:

Rueda (rrooh-eh-dah) = wheel

• If it follows the prefix “sub:”

Subrayar (soob-rrah-yar) = to underline 

• If it is following the consonants “l,” “n,” or “s”

Sonrisa (sohn-rreeh-sah) = smile

4) Combinations with a silent “U”

You must also look out for these other letter combinations, where the “u” is not pronounced:

Spanish Combination	English Equivalent
gue	Ge in get
gui	Gee in geek
que	Ke in ketchup
qui	Ke in key

However, there are words where we need to pronounce the “u” in “gue” or “gui.” In this case, we use the “diéresis.” These are two dots placed above the vowel “u.” They can only be placed above this vowel. The “ü” is not a distinct letter in the alphabet.

Spanish Combination	English Pronunciation
güe	Goo-eh
güi	Goo-eeh

6) The Letter H

You must also remember that the “H” is silent in Spanish. It is only pronounced in words that are adopted from foreign languages. For example, “Hawai” is pronounced in the same way in Spanish as it is in English. 

7) Spanish Vowel Pronunciation

Now, let’s take a look at the vowels.

Unlike in English, Spanish vowels are “pure.” In English there are 4 “diphthong-pronounced” vowels, which are: a, i, o, u. This means that you actually make two sounds when you pronounce each. Try pronouncing the vowel “a.” Do you see how you make the sound “ayy”?” In Spanish, however, vowels are as “pure” as they can get. You only make one sound when producing them. You just say “a.” Like the “a” in “father.”

The sound is also shorter in length. Regardless of their position in a word, vowels are always pronounced the same way.  This means that there are only five vowel sounds in Spanish. Did you know that depending on regional dialects, English has more than 14 vowel sounds?

8) Vowels with Accent Marks (á, é, í, ó, ú)

You may have seen vowels with accent marks (á, é, í, ó, ú). However, these are not considered distinct letters in the alphabet either. Spanish accents are called “tildes” and they can only be placed above vowels. When you see a vowel with a “tilde,” it means that the vowel is stressed in the word. This is something you need to look out for to achieve proper pronunciation. There are, of course, grammar rules for the use of accent marks, which you will see further along your language learning journey.   

Conclusion — Back to You 

Now, you should be fairly acquainted with the Spanish alphabet and the pronunciation.

If you want a Spanish PDF worksheet, then check out this Worksheet from SpanishPod101:

Other Spanish lessons to check out on my site:

• Introduce Yourself in Spanish

– The Main Junkie